What Is Swimmer Puppy Syndrome?
Swimmer puppy syndrome, also called flat puppy syndrome, is a developmental condition in which a puppy or kitten cannot get its legs underneath its body. Instead of standing and walking at around 2 to 3 weeks old, the youngster lies flat on its chest and paddles its legs out to the sides, as if swimming. The back legs are usually most affected.
Good news
With early, consistent physical therapy, many swimmer puppies and kittens learn to walk normally within a few weeks.
Possible Causes
- Fast weight gain: heavy, single or small-litter puppies are affected more often; see puppy weight gain
- Slippery flooring: smooth surfaces in the whelping area make it hard to get traction; see whelping box setup
- Genetics: it appears more often in some lines and breeds, including Bulldogs, Basset Hounds and other short-legged or heavy-chested breeds
- Muscle or nerve development: weak muscle tone or delayed nerve development may play a part
Signs to Watch For
- A puppy still lying flat on its belly at 2 to 3 weeks while littermates are standing
- Legs splayed sideways and paddling motions
- A flattened chest; some swimmers also develop pectus excavatum
- Pressure sores on the chest or belly, and trouble reaching the teat to nurse
Treatment and Home Care
- Traction: replace smooth flooring with textured mats, towels or rubber matting
- Hobbles: soft tape or bands around the legs, applied as your vet shows you, keep the legs under the body
- Positioning: have the puppy sleep on its side rather than its chest
- Daily exercises: supported standing and gentle leg movements several times a day
- Swimming therapy: supervised shallow-water sessions can build strength; see dog hydrotherapy
- Feeding: avoid overfeeding a heavy pup; follow the puppy feeding chart
Start early
Therapy works best when started as soon as the problem is noticed. Waiting past 5 to 6 weeks makes recovery harder, and chest flattening can affect breathing.
Outlook
Most puppies and kittens treated early recover fully. Those with severe chest flattening, breathing trouble or other birth defects have a more guarded outlook, and some do not survive.
Frequently Asked Questions
At what age does swimmer syndrome show?
It usually becomes obvious at 2 to 3 weeks, when normal puppies start to stand and walk.
Can kittens have it?
Yes. Swimmer kittens are treated the same way, with traction, hobbles and physio.
Should a swimmer puppy be bred later?
Many breeders avoid it because the condition may run in families.
Have a puppy that is not standing at 3 weeks? Find a veterinary clinic near you for an exam.