What Is Pectus Excavatum?
Pectus excavatum, often called funnel chest, is a birth defect in which the breastbone (sternum) and the cartilage that joins it to the ribs curve inward. This flattens the chest from top to bottom and leaves a dip or groove where the breastbone should be. In mild cases it is only a cosmetic change. In severe cases the chest becomes so narrow that the heart and lungs are squeezed.
Linked condition
Pectus excavatum is sometimes seen in puppies that also show swimmer puppy syndrome, where the pup lies flat on its chest and cannot stand normally.
Breeds at Risk
- Flat-faced dog breeds such as English and French Bulldogs, Boston Terriers and Pugs
- Kittens, including Burmese and other breeds, can also be affected
- Any puppy or kitten can be born with it
Signs to Watch For
- A flat chest or a visible dent along the underside of the chest
- Fast, shallow or labored breathing
- Tiring quickly while nursing or playing
- Slow growth compared with littermates; compare against the puppy growth chart
- Repeated chest infections
Diagnosis
Vets usually spot it by feel during a newborn or puppy exam. Chest X-rays measure how deep the dent is and whether the heart is shifted. An echocardiogram may be added if a heart murmur or heart defect is suspected.
Treatment
- Mild cases: often no treatment beyond monitoring; some improve as the pet grows
- External splinting: in young puppies and kittens whose bones are still soft, a padded splint is stitched around the chest to pull the breastbone outward over a few weeks
- Surgery: older or severe cases may need surgery to reshape the breastbone
- Physical therapy: encouraging the pup to lie on its side rather than its chest can help in early cases
Earlier is easier
Splinting works best in the first few weeks of life while the chest is still flexible. If you notice a flat chest in a newborn, get it checked quickly.
Outlook
Most pets with mild funnel chest live normal lives. Those treated early with splints often do well. Severe untreated cases can struggle with breathing and heart strain.
Frequently Asked Questions
Is pectus excavatum genetic?
It is believed to have a genetic component, so affected animals are generally not bred.
Does funnel chest hurt?
The shape itself is not usually painful, but breathing difficulty in severe cases is distressing.
Will pet insurance cover it?
Policies vary; birth defects are often treated as congenital conditions. See congenital condition coverage.
Noticed a flat or dented chest on a puppy or kitten? Find a veterinary clinic near you for an exam.