Kennel Cough

Kennel cough (infectious tracheobronchitis) is a highly contagious respiratory illness in dogs caused by a combination of bacteria and viruses. It produces a distinctive dry, honking cough and spreads rapidly in places where dogs congregate, such as boarding facilities, dog parks, and grooming salons.

What Is Kennel Cough?

Kennel cough is the common name for canine infectious tracheobronchitis — an inflammation of the upper respiratory tract. It’s typically caused by the bacterium Bordetella bronchiseptica in combination with viruses like canine parainfluenza virus, canine adenovirus type 2, or canine respiratory coronavirus.

The name “kennel cough” comes from its tendency to spread quickly in enclosed environments where many dogs are housed together. However, dogs can contract it anywhere they encounter other dogs, including on walks, at training classes, or even through shared water bowls.

Most cases of kennel cough are mild and resolve within 1–3 weeks. However, in puppies, senior dogs, or dogs with weakened immune systems, it can progress to pneumonia if left untreated.

How Kennel Cough Spreads

Kennel cough is airborne and highly contagious. It spreads through:

• Respiratory droplets — when an infected dog coughs, sneezes, or barks
• Direct contact — nose-to-nose greeting between dogs
• Contaminated surfaces — shared bowls, toys, kennel surfaces, and grooming tools

The incubation period is typically 2–14 days. An infected dog can spread the illness for several weeks after symptoms resolve. This is why most boarding facilities and doggy daycares require proof of the Bordetella vaccine before accepting dogs.

Signs and Symptoms

The hallmark symptom of kennel cough is a persistent, forceful cough that sounds like a goose honk. Other signs include:

• Dry, hacking cough — often worse after exercise or excitement
• Retching or gagging — may produce white foam after coughing fits
• Runny nose — clear nasal discharge
• Sneezing — frequent bouts
• Mild lethargy — slightly less energy than normal

Most dogs with kennel cough remain alert and continue eating normally. If your dog develops a fever, loses appetite, or shows labored breathing, seek veterinary care immediately — these signs may indicate pneumonia.

What Pet Owners Should Do

• Vaccinate. The Bordetella vaccine is available as an intranasal spray, oral dose, or injection. Most vets recommend it annually or every 6 months for dogs frequently exposed to other dogs.
• Isolate sick dogs. If your dog has kennel cough, keep them away from other dogs for at least 14 days after symptoms resolve.
• Use a harness instead of a collar. Pressure on the trachea can worsen coughing.
• Run a humidifier. Moist air can soothe irritated airways.
• See your vet. Mild cases may not need treatment, but your vet may prescribe cough suppressants or antibiotics if a bacterial infection is present.

Frequently Asked Questions