What Is Alopecia X?
Alopecia X is a hair-cycle disorder in which hair follicles stop growing new hair, leading to gradual, symmetrical hair loss on the body. The “X” reflects that the exact cause is still not fully understood, though hormones and genetics both seem to play a role. It is sometimes called black skin disease because the bare skin often darkens.
Mostly cosmetic
Alopecia X does not make dogs feel sick or itchy. The main job is ruling out other causes of hair loss that do need treatment.
Breeds at Risk
- Pomeranians (most common)
- Chow Chows, Keeshonds, Alaskan Malamutes, Samoyeds, Miniature Poodles and other plush double-coated breeds; see double-coat dog breeds and our Siberian Husky breed guide
- Usually starts between 1 and 5 years of age, in males and females
Signs to Watch For
- Loss of guard hairs first, leaving a dry, woolly, puppy-like coat
- Symmetrical hair loss on the trunk, back of the thighs, neck and tail, while the head and legs keep their hair
- Bare skin that turns grey or black
- No itching, no redness and a dog that otherwise feels normal
Diagnosis
Alopecia X is a diagnosis of exclusion. Your vet will test for conditions that look similar, especially hypothyroidism and Cushing’s disease, and may check for demodectic mange or sex-hormone problems. A skin biopsy can support the diagnosis.
Treatment Options
- Neutering or spaying: hair regrows in some intact dogs after surgery
- Melatonin: a commonly tried supplement that helps a portion of dogs; ask your vet about the right product and dose
- Prescription medications that alter adrenal hormones, reserved for selected cases because of possible side effects
- No treatment: a reasonable choice since the condition is cosmetic; protect bare skin from sunburn and cold
Grooming tip
Shaving plush-coated breeds can trigger or worsen poor regrowth in some dogs. Ask your groomer about trimming instead of a close shave.
Outlook
Dogs with Alopecia X live normal, healthy lives. Hair may regrow with treatment, sometimes only to fall out again later. Coats, sweaters and pet-safe sunscreen help protect bare skin.
Frequently Asked Questions
Is Alopecia X painful?
No. It is not itchy or painful, though bare skin can sunburn or get cold.
Can hair grow back?
Sometimes. Regrowth can happen with treatment, after neutering, or occasionally on its own after skin injury, but it is not guaranteed.
Is Alopecia X the same as mange?
No. Mange is caused by mites and is often itchy; Alopecia X is a hair-cycle problem with no parasite involved.
Is your plush-coated dog losing hair? Find a veterinary clinic near you for an exam.